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在Mac中ssh连接linux启用图新界面

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继续完善在Mac下没有远程调试工具集合，在连接服务器若要调用图形窗口时。需要在Mac端安装x11客户端，下面是使用自带Terminal调用服务器端图形界面的方法。

前情介绍

在windows使用MobaXterm，非常奥利给！界面如下：

image-20210118164200908

但是在mac下并没有集成环境需要安装x11客户端。

这里提供一种可以在Mac中自带Terminal中打开图形界面的方法。

准备工作

  • 安装Xquartz

    使用homebrew安装

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    $ brew install Xquartz

  • 配置Mac端的ssh用户设置

    使用root权限用vim打开/private/etc/ssh/ssh_config并编辑

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    #       $OpenBSD: ssh_config,v 1.34 2019/02/04 02:39:42 dtucker Exp $

    # This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file.  See
    # ssh_config(5) for more information.  This file provides defaults for
    # users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files
    # or on the command line.

    # Configuration data is parsed as follows:
    #  1. command line options
    #  2. user-specific file
    #  3. system-wide file
    # Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set.
    # Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the
    # configuration file, and defaults at the end.

    # Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options.  For a comprehensive
    # list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the
    # ssh_config(5) man page.

    # Host *
    #   ForwardAgent no
    #   ForwardX11 no
    #   PasswordAuthentication yes
    #   HostbasedAuthentication no
    #   GSSAPIAuthentication no
    #   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
    #   BatchMode no
    #   CheckHostIP yes
    #   AddressFamily any
    #   ConnectTimeout 0
    #   StrictHostKeyChecking ask
    #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
    #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
    #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
    #   Port 22
    #   Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
    #   MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com
    #   EscapeChar ~
    #   Tunnel no
    #   TunnelDevice any:any
    #   PermitLocalCommand no
    #   VisualHostKey no
    #   ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p gateway.example.com
    #   RekeyLimit 1G 1h

    Host *
            SendEnv LANG LC_*

    # XAuthLocation added by XQuartz (http://www.xquartz.org)
    Host *
        XAuthLocation /opt/X11/bin/xauth
        
    ForwardX11 yes 添加这一句

  • 配置linux端的ssh用户设置

    在linux端使用root权限vim编辑/etc/ssh/sshd_config

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    #       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.101 2017/03/14 07:19:07 djm Exp $

    # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See
    # sshd_config(5) for more information.

    # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

    # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
    # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
    # possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the
    # default value.

    #Port 22
    #AddressFamily any
    #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
    #ListenAddress ::

    #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
    #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
    #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

    # Ciphers and keying
    #RekeyLimit default none

    # Logging
    #SyslogFacility AUTH
    #LogLevel INFO

    # Authentication:

    #LoginGraceTime 2m
    #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
    #StrictModes yes
    #MaxAuthTries 6
    #MaxSessions 10

    #PubkeyAuthentication yes

     Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.
    #AuthorizedKeysFile     .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2

    #AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

    #AuthorizedKeysCommand none
    #AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

    # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
    #HostbasedAuthentication no
    # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
    # HostbasedAuthentication
    #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
    # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
    #IgnoreRhosts yes

    # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
    #PasswordAuthentication yes
    #PermitEmptyPasswords no

    # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
    # some PAM modules and threads)
    ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

    # Kerberos options
    #KerberosAuthentication no
    #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
    #KerberosTicketCleanup yes
    #KerberosGetAFSToken no

    # GSSAPI options
    #GSSAPIAuthentication no
    #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
    #GSSAPIKeyExchange no

    # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
    # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
    # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
    # PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
    # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
    # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
    # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
    # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
    # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
    UsePAM yes

    #AllowAgentForwarding yes
    #AllowTcpForwarding yes
    #GatewayPorts no
    X11Forwarding yes     添加这一句
    X11DisplayOffset 10   添加这一句

    重启ssh服务

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    $ service ssh restart

连接linux并验证

  1. 启动Xquartz

  2. 使用ssh加-X（注意大写）远程服务器

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    $ ssh -X root@192.168.5.5

  3. 使用xclock验证

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    linux $ xclock

    image-20210118224511993

补充

如果遇到

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linux $xauth key data not generated

在mac下编辑～/.ssh/config，添加 ForwardX11Trusted yes